While viscose is derived from renewable cellulose sources, its production process raises significant environmental concerns. The use of chemicals like sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide has been linked to water pollution and worker health risks if not managed responsibly.

Sustainability efforts are reshaping the viscose industry. Producers are increasingly adopting closed-loop technologies to recycle solvents and minimize emissions. Certifications such as FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) and EU Ecolabel ensure that raw materials are sourced from responsibly managed forests.

Eco-friendly alternatives, such as lyocell, are gaining popularity due to cleaner production methods. However, viscose remains in high demand, rayon fiber, semi-synthetic textile, regenerated cellulose fiber, soft fabric material, sustainable clothing fiber and ongoing investment in green chemistry is helping to make it more sustainable. Consumers are also becoming more conscious, encouraging brands to source viscose from certified and transparent supply chains.